6 Strawberry root weevils are not as sensitive to nematodes as black vine weevils. 6 Steinernema carpocapsae was also found to be effective against cranberry girdler effectiveness ranging from 44% to 92% in different field studies in the Pacific Northwest. 7 In another field trial, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema carpocapsae suppressed black vine weevil populations by 56-100%. 6 Steinernema carpocapsae and Steinernema glaseri have been found effective against black vine weevil on cranberries in Washington State the presence of black vine weevil was reduced by 96% and 100%, respectively. 1, 3 Several species of soil-dwelling immature insects, mainly belonging to Lepidoptera (cranberry girdler) and Coleoptera (oriental beetle, black vine weevil, strawberry root weevil, cranberry rootworm), are common pests in cranberries. Limitations, research needs and future prospects in the biological control of phytonematodes.Commercially available nematodes are: Steinernema carpocapsae, Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema riobrave, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Heterorhabditis marelatus and Heterorhabditis megidis 1, 3 most commonly used for control of insect pests in crops, such as home lawns and gardens, turf, nurseries, citrus, cranberries, and mushrooms. Predatory nematodes as biocontrol agents of phytonematodes.įactors affecting commercial success of biocontrol agents of phytonematodes. Mites as biocontrol agents of phytonematodes.Īrbuscular mycorrhizal fungi as biocontrol agents of phytonematodes. Novel bacteria species in nematode biocontrol. Nematophagous bacteria: field application and commercialization. Nematophagous bacteria: survival biology. Nematophagous bacteria: virulence mechanisms. Nematophagous bacteria as biocontrol agents of phytonematodes. Nematophagous fungi: regulations and safety. Nematophagous fungi: formulation, mass production and application technology. Nematophagous fungi: virulence mechanisms. Nematophagous fungi: ecology, diversity and geographical distribution. Nematophagous fungi as biocontrol agents of phytonematodes. Significance of biocontrol agents of phytonematodes. Impact of phytonematodes on agriculture economy. Other chapters from this book Chapter: 1 (Page no: 3) However, most of the work has been done in pots or under controlled conditions and therefore extensive studies are needed under field conditions to ascertain the potentiality of PGPR. Several species of rhizobacteria such as Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Serratia, Streptomyces and Burkholderia can play an important role in the growth of plants and biomanagement of phytonematodes by the colonization of plant root system and seed surface, uptake of nutrients, production of siderophores, fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, solubilization of minerals, release of phytohormones (auxins, cytokinin, gibberellins) and antibiotics. Various mechanisms involved by PGPR with respect to plant growth and nematode control are described in detail. This chapter aims to discuss the vital role of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) as biological control agent of phytonematodes. Metrics Chapter 15 (Page no: 339) Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria as biocontrol agents of phytonematodes.